Build a living inventory that lists contact owners, criticality, data sensitivity, uptime targets, and recent incidents. Distinguish systems of record from systems of engagement. This clarity guides which components rehost quickly, which replatform, and which deserve deeper refactoring because latency, scale, or frequent change demands fresh design.
Visualize upstream and downstream calls, batch jobs, data feeds, and external vendors. Discover hidden cron scripts and shared databases that tie releases together. With evidence, you can plan isolation steps, introduce messaging, and reduce blast radius so one team advances without accidentally interrupting critical partner workflows or revenue cycles.
Codify environments, secrets management, and pipelines as versioned artifacts. Each commit should travel the same path from build to production with policy checks and quality gates. Stories abound where this discipline cut deployment time from weeks to minutes, transforming releases from feared events into routine improvements.
Instrument services with structured logs, distributed tracing, percentiles, and exemplars. Establish SLOs tied to user journeys, not server metrics. Share dashboards and on-call rotations early, so operational empathy grows as features ship. When incidents strike, shared context reduces blame, accelerates recovery, and fuels better backlog priorities.
Plan ingress, service discovery, identity, and encryption before traffic arrives. Choose sidecars or ambient data planes consciously. Document limits, egress policies, and cross region failover behaviors. Teams move faster when networking surprises vanish, certificates rotate automatically, and connectivity patterns remain boring, observable, and safe for continuous delivery.